Civics Reporting Category 2 Practice Test

Juvenile due process protections under the Fourteenth Amendment were established in In Re Gault, which extended standard due process rights to youths in delinquency proceedings. The case held that juveniles must receive proper notice of charges, the right to counsel, the right to confront and cross-examine witnesses, and protection against self-incrimination, applying the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth to state juvenile courts. This marked a shift from earlier practice and ensured fair treatment in the juvenile system. In contrast, Miranda v. Arizona focuses on informing people of rights during custodial interrogation, Gideon v. Wainwright guarantees counsel in criminal trials for those who cannot afford it, and Hazelwood v. Kulmeier deals with school-sponsored expression and First Amendment rights in public schools. So the case that specifically addresses juvenile due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment is In Re Gault.